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Carbon residue (Black Specks) In injection machines: causes, mechanism and ASACLEAN™ fixes

4-step burnt-plastic formation diagram, from accumulated plastic layers to carbon
Carbon-formation mechanism: plastic build-up, heat degradation, hard adhesion, carbon conversion

Why do tiny part specks cost plants hundreds of thousands to millions a year? This article dissects the formation mechanism Thermal Degradation At barrel-screw dead spots, with systematic handling by Mechanical Purging technology Mechanical Purging

Updated 15 June 2026 9-min read ASACLEAN Thailand technical team

1What are Black Specks? Why so expensive

Black Specks or black spots and burnt plastic, are black-brown contaminants in transparent, translucent or light parts, from barrel-held resin heated too long until it degrades into Carbon (Carbon Deposit) Then flaking into fresh resin in the next shots

Small specks still hit quality gates and delivery, especially transparent or light parts:

Measurement method Log Black Speck counts or areas per same part count before and after trials, split Scrap, Rework and Downtime costs, then use ROI calculator With real plant data

25 root causes of carbon

Carbon never comes from one factor. It involves resin, temperature, time, oxygen and flow-path state. Five check groups:

CauseExplanationHow to check
1. Dead SpotBarrel-screw dead spots resin barely flows, such as check ring, nozzle, adapterRemove nozzle and adapter, inspect with borescope
2. Wrong set tempActual or set temperature above resin limitsCompare datasheet, check heater and thermocouple
3. Long Residence TimeResin held in barrel too long (small Shot Size with big barrel)Residence Time = Barrel Capacity / Shot Size x Cycle Time
4. Incomplete material changeSwitching resin or color with old resin still in the pathLog Color Streak traits and first-spot timing after change
5. Worn screw or check ringWorn or scratched surfaces trap resin into degradingCheck in PM schedule

3Science: Thermal Degradation and Hang-up

Past the resin maker melt-hold time, polymer chains start Chain Scission (chain cutting) and Cross-linking With enough heat or time, carbon builds as thin layers on hot metal

Technicians call held-resin zones "Hang-up Area" Areas rotational Shear Force never reaches: screw flights (Screw Flight), behind tip (Behind Tip), check valves and nozzle lands

Takeaway principle Thermal-degradation risk climbs with held-resin temperature and time, but limits differ by resin type, additives, moisture and oxygen. Cite resin-maker data and real machine state.

4Why plain-resin purging fails

Plant tradition purges new resin over old or runs cheap pellets (such as HDPE regrind). It is physically capped:

5How ASACLEAN removes carbon

ASACLEAN is a purpose-built Purging Compound from Asahi Kasei, Japan, on Mechanical Purge Mechanical Purge With 3 principles:

  1. Designed Rheology: High-melt-viscosity matrix polymer builds massive Shear sweeping residue off screw surfaces
  2. In-pellet Cleaning Agent: Coating and absorbing chemistry wrapping carbon against re-sticking
  3. Particle Action (glass-fiber grades): Glass fiber micro-sands metal surfaces inside to take hardened residue off
Time to passing parts
Weigh real material and scrap
Separate residue causes before trialing
150-420°C
Multi-grade combined span

6Match grade to job

Wrong grades swing results, especially glass-fiber (GF) Glass-fiber (GF) Versus Glass-fiber-free (Non-GF)

SituationSuggested gradesWhy
Heavy or deep carbon · no Hot RunnernewEX, RX (GF)Glass-fiber grades for hard residue per maker terms
Hot Runner · no glass fiberRU, RE, SL, PF (Non-GF)Maker-listed for Hot Runner; verify temperature and flow path
Super Engineering Plastic (PEEK, PPS)PF Or PX2280–420°C span; PF glass-fiber-free with Hot Runner vs PX2 glass-fiber barred from Hot Runner
Frequent color change · fast purgeGL3, RU, REUniversal Purge across wide resins

Still unsure? Try 1-minute grade quiz Or consult CSC technicians Free

7Standard Carbon Removal Purge steps

With grade picked, heavy-carbon purging runs:

  1. Stop old-resin feed · run the barrel near empty
  2. Verify TDS range and bans of the picked grade plus old-resin limits
  3. Set starting amounts from shot size, barrel capacity, Hot Runner and contamination level
  4. Set Back Pressure and Screw Speed per SOP, tracking pressure and discharge
  5. Soak-step only where that grade manual allows, timed in the SOP
  6. Feed new (production) resin to Rinse Rinse ASACLEAN out to true resin color
  7. Start production — discard first shots for safety

Want technicians to design your machine steps?

Send machine model · barrel size · resins used. We calculate amounts and steps free.

8Stopping carbon return

Purging fixes the consequence. Prevention Prevention Is what leading plants run:

9FAQ

What causes Black Specks in injection machines?

Black Specks usually involve resin held in dead spots or hang-up areas, degraded by temperature, time or oxygen, flaking into fresh resin on release. But check material, dryer, nozzle, Hot Runner and worn parts too.

Which ASACLEAN grade removes carbon?

Pick from resin, temperature, residue level and flow path. Non-Hot-Runner systems may consider glass-fiber grades like newEX or RX. Hot Runner needs maker-listed Non-GF grades with manifold, nozzle and gate limits verified first. (RX: Not yet available in Thailand)

Does ASACLEAN attack screws?

Built for Mechanical Purging, but fitness depends on grade, temperature, equipment and steps. Follow the TDS, especially glass-fiber grades and fine flow paths. Never conclude one formula fits every system.

How often should Routine Purging run?

No single frequency fits every machine. Set from Black Speck history, resin type, residence time, stop tables and trial results, then tune cycles to real reject data.

Why order from CSC?

CSC has distributed ASACLEAN in Thailand 30+ years. Technicians trained directly by Asahi Kasei can visit sites to set up and calculate ROI free. More at Contact page

Key references

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